What do you know about higher education in the U.S.? What are the differences between a university and a college? What degree does a student get from a community college? How long do the job training programs last in technical or vocational schools? And how are universities and colleges funded?

    In the United States, a student who has finished high school may want to continue in higher education. There are several ways to continue in higher education in the United Stares. There are universities, colleges, community colleges, and technical or vocational（职业的）schools. Each of these kinds of higher education will be described below.
     A university is usually much larger than a college. It is larger for two reasons. First, a university in the United States usually has several different colleges in it. Each college within the university has a special subject area. There may be a college of liberal arts where humanities（人文学科）, social science, natural science, and mathematics are taught. There may be a college of education where students learn to be teachers. There may be a college of business where business subjects are taught. All of these colleges may be parts of one university. Sometimes, in a university, each college is called a “school”: “The School of Liberal Arts,” “The School of Business,” or “The School of Education.” Second, the university always has programs for advanced or graduate study in a variety of subjects.¹ There may be a medical school, a law school, and other advanced programs.
     Students in the United States must have a high school diploma（毕业文凭）or its equivalent, to enter one of the colleges in the university. Most students have completed regular high school programs. Some older students may have the same amount of education even though they have not completed high school. These students have the equivalent of a high school degree. University students may study for an undergraduate degree in the arts or sciences. If they complete a course of study in the arts, they receive bachelor of arts degrees. In the sciences, they receive bachelor of science degrees. Students may leave the university at this time, or they may choose to go on for a graduate or professional degree.
     The university may get money for its expenses from several different sources. It may get some money from the state government. If so, it is a publicly funded university. The university may get money only from private sources: contributions, tuition, investments, and other sources. If this is the case, it is a privately funded university.² Finally, a university may be funded by a religious group.
      A university program for undergraduates usually takes four years. In this way, a university and a college are alike. College students usually spend four years in school also. A college does not have graduate or professional programs in a variety of areas, though it may specialize in one or two, such as business or teaching training.
     A college is also like a university in the kinds of students it has. College students, like university students, usually have a high school diploma when they enter college. If a college student completes a course of study in the arts, he or she receives a bachelor of arts degree. In the sciences, the students receive a bachelor of science degree. If college students want to continue for a graduate or professional degree, they must usually go to a university.
      The college is usually funded in one of the three ways already described. It may be publicly or privately funded. Or, it may be funded by a religious group.
     Compared to universities and colleges, community colleges in the United States are quite different. The program of study in the community college usually lasts only two years. Many different subjects are taught in the community college. Not all of the subjects are the usual school subjects.³ The community college may give courses in dental technology, auto mechanics, sewing, and many other nonacademic subjects. The community college may also have courses in the regular academic subjects like science, math, languages, literature, and other courses in the humanities.
     Many different types of students study at community colleges. Not all students have high school diplomas. Many students are adults with children, and sometimes with grandchildren, of their own. The community college serves the community, and anyone who lives nearby may go. When community college students complete a two-year program, they receive an associate of arts or associate of science degree. They may then go to a college or university for two more years to get the bachelor’s degree. However, the student may get a job instead, or just stop going to school. May just take a few classes in subjects that interest them. Fewer than 10% of community college students actually complete a degree, though many of those who don’t get degrees transfer their credits to colleges and universities where they do get degrees.
     Community colleges are nearly always publicly funded, by the state, county, or city governments. They are not usually funded by religious groups.
     The community college gives training for a variety of jobs, and also has an academic program. The technical or vocational school, however, has only job training. Its programs may last a short time or a long time. Some programs take six months, while other programs may take two years or more to complete.
     Students in the technical or vocational school may have high school diplomas. Many, however, do not have the diploma. Many people go to a technical or vocational school instead of going to high school. When they complete their training, they may be able to get a good job right away. The technical or vocational school provides training for work in areas such as electronics, carpentry（木工）, plumbing（水管工）, and others.⁴
     The technical or vocational school may be funded in any of the ways already described. It may be publicly or privately funded, or it may be funded by a religious group. Other sources of money for this kind of school are trade unions or charity organizations,
     Students who have finished high school, and even some who do not go to high school, may choose from these four kinds of higher education in the United States. High school students who want further academic or professional training may go to a college or university. Students who want both academic and nonacademic training may go to the community college. Students who want to learn a job may go to a technical or vocational school. Students may choose the kind of higher education that they like best.

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